Hibernia-Voces Populi  1760

Issued by Roche, of King Street, Dublin, a number of these made their way to the American colonies. Although, it is unclear whether these tokens circulated in the colonies to any greater extent than other privately issued  tokens,  they have been traditionally included in listings of colonial coins.

1787 Nova Constellatio   1785 Crosby 3-B, W-1895, EF-40, corroded;  1785 Crosby 4-C, W-1900, VF-20, pitting;  1785 Crosby 4-D, W-1910  VF-35, ex Stack's 1/25/2012 #7775 See die charts

Nova Constellatio Coppers - excerpt  from the Notre Dame website: From available evidence it appears the 1783 coppers were put into circulation in America in 1785-1786. Mossman has surmised three varieties of the 1785 token were circulating by late 1786 or early 1787 and that the final three 1785 varieties were circulating before July of 1787. They appear to have circulated in several states but are most often associated by contemporaries with New York. Gouverneur Morris has long been identified as the "Merchant in New York" who, according to the London newspaper, had commissioned the minting of the coppers. Gouverneur Morris, no relation to Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris, was a Philadelphia lawyer who had worked closely with Superintendent Morris and had actually authored the 1783 coinage proposal (for which the NOVA CONSTELLATIO patterns had been made) that went forward under the superintendent's name. Gouverneur Morris had been raised in New York City but he was not a merchant and did not reside in the city or the state of New York. This problem, of equating Gouverneur Morris as a New York merchant, was recently brought forward by Michael Hodder who went on to mistakenly suggest Dudley and Morris actually produced the coppers in Philadelphia. In fact, Eric Newman seems to have solved the puzzle. Apparently, the merchant who had the coppers produced was William Constable, who operated a "House of Commerce" on Great Dock Street (now Pearl Street) in New York City. Newman has discovered an agreement of May 10, 1784 in which Robert Morris, Gouverneur Morris and William Constable, "through a mutual Confidence in each other, have entered into a joint Copartnership as Merchants, under the firm of William Constable & Company." It appears after the NOVA CONSTELLATIO pattern was rejected by the American Congress, the two Morris's entered into a private partnership with Constable. They keenly understood the pressing need for small change in America and fully realized underweight coppers could be traded for more that it would cost to produce and import them. In fact, their coinage proposal was put forth as an attempt to stop the British counterfeiters who had been flooding the American economy with poor quality lightweight halfpence. It appears after the defeat of their proposal the two Morris's decided to become "silent" partners in the firm of William Constable & Company in order to use the coinage design they had created to produce lightweight coppers in England that could then be imported to America and distributed at a profit.

North American Token Struck in Dublin presumably much later than the 1781 date indicated October 2010 Coin Galleries  - 10/20/2010 #2009

(1792-94) Kentucky token.

(1792-94) Kentucky token. Breen-1155, W-8800.  Plain edge. Thin flan. VF-20. From the Peter Scherff Collection of Colonial Coins; purchased from Bruce Miller, April 1988 Stack's 3/3/2010 # 2565 Thought to commemorate the admission of Kentucky to the nation, and thus is thought to have been produced around the time of Kentucky's admission as the fifteenth state. The names for this coin comes from the design on the reverse consisting of a pyramid made from 15 stars (with twelve points each) joined together with chain links and surrounded by nine groups of emanating rays in the shape of a star. Each star has a letter representing one of the thirteen original states as well as one for Vermont (which entered the union 1791) while at the top of the pyramid is a star with a K for Kentucky. The states are listed as follows: top row K (KY); second row RI, VI (RI, VA); third row V, NC, NY (VT, NC, NY); fourth row MS, MD, SC, NH (MA, MD, SC, NH); and the bottom row D, P, NJ, G, C (DE, PA, NJ, GA, CT).

Nova Eborac Although collected with the state coppers, the Nova Eboracs, which circulated in New York, had no official status. They were privately issued by Atlee & Brasher (of Dubloon fame). These coins were accepted and regularly used for they are usually found in well circulated condition. Their weight range is from 88 - 150 grains. They are found in four varieties made from three obverse and four reverse dies. According to the Notra Dame site the total estimated number of surviving specimens is 385-500.   W-5760, URS-9, Crosby 1-A Stacks 9/14/2011 #1141 93 grainsf

The obverse of the Triumphant George copper shows a laurel wreathed Washington in the style of the King George III Irish halfpenny (without the shoulders and mail armor) with the legend "GEORGIVS TRIUMPHO" (Triumphant George). The imitation of the George III obverse is so close that at first glance it is not evident which George is referred to, either Washington or George the King of England! Frequently it is suggested this coin was intended to have a double meaning. However, as it was produced in England it seems more likely the diemaker simply made an image imitating the style with which he was most familiar. Even in America the likeness of Washington was not well know at that time. In fact, it was not until the end of the confederation period, with the ratification of the constitution and Washington's election as the first president, that his image became universally recognized.

1793 Ship Half Penny	b1795 Washington Grate    halfpenny.	1795 Washington Liberty &  Security halfpenny.	1795 Washington Liberty &  Security penny
Edge:  PAYABLE IN ANGLESEY LONDON OR LIVERPOOL · X ·  Dalton and Hamer as, Middlesex, Political and Social Series, no. 1051. Breen 1225, Baker 18. VF Details (NCS) October 2010 Coin Galleries - 10/20/2010 #2014	Clark and Harris, dealers in stoves and fireplace grates. designed by Thomas  Wyon of the Peter Kempson and Sons mint in Birmingham, England; made for and used in  England but collected as part of the American Colonial series. Dalton and Hamer: Middlesex, Halfpenny section, no 283b.v Large Buttons, Reeded Edge XF45 NGC. Heritage 1/8/2011 #9060	Dalton and Hamer Middlesex, Political and Social Series, no. 1052 coins.nd.edu Designed by Thomas Wyon and struck by Peter Kempson in Birmingham. Breen260, Baker-31, W-11015. London edge. EF-40. October 2010 Coin Galleries  - 10/20/2010 #2015	Stack's 1/25/2012  #7786

Unity States Cent 1783 Breen-1188, Baker-1, W-10130. VF-30 ref coins.nd.edu	Double Headed Cent	Washington & Independence
Struck at Bolton's Soho Mint in Birmingham, England between 1820 and 1848, with the 30's or 40's appearing more likely as the token was still in circulation at mid century. The date on this coin, 1783, commemorates the end of the Revolutionary War rather than the date of minting. This is clear for the reverse of the cent copies the Draped Bust U.S. Cent of 1796-1807. ref coins.nd.edu Coin Galleries 4/28/2010 #2048	Breen-1206, W-11200, Baker-6. October 2010 Coin Galleries - 10/20/2010 #2013	Washington & Independence Struck in England ca.1820-1848. ref coins.nd.edu	s

Ships Colonies & Commerce Canadian token From 1830's Possibly struck by the New York mint of Wright & Bale.

Maverick Irish Token? Possibly "evasion "  1/2 P

Del 1  1823  J. Randel Uniface New Castle, DE Chief Engineer Chesapeake Delaware Canal	Rulau Mass  84 Horace Porter & Co. Military Goods Boston. MA (1826-1833) TWK	NY  41 Park Theatre 1817 ADMIT & PAID America's FIRST "Good for" Tokens	NY 212   Doremus, Suydam & Nixon 1831-1833 209 Pearl Street,  NYC	NY 288   Green & Wetmore 1825-1832     Washington & Vesey Street,  NYC
NY 925 A.W. Hardie - Draper & Taylor plain edge  Rarity 8. "Naked And Ye Clothed Me" Corner Of Garden & William Street,  New York, NY Stacks 1/25/2012 #6499	NY 611 Motts Importers, New York, N Y ca. 1839 Back dated 1789 Weight 13.03 g,	NY 614 Wm Mott NYC 1820	Rulau NY 877 Talbot Allum & Lee -New York  1794 Cent - Struck in England	NY  920 Tredwell, Kissam & Co, Hardware, Cutlery New York, NY TWK
NY 957 C. & I. D. Wolfe Hardware New York, NY	Ore 5 (ca. 1832-33) Oregon Territory Phoenix button. Brass. 24.4mm. \ From an Oregon family, whose roots there go back to 1852. Stack's 1/26/2011 # 6521	Pa-398  Pennsylvania--Philadelphia. "1784" (1821) Philadelphia  Museum.. Rarity-5. Copper. EF-40 Stacks 1/25/2012 #6501..

PA 327
William W. Long
Philadelphia merchant 1854-57.
pistol & rifle galleries, bagatelle & shuffle boards, billiards,bowling, liquors, oysters, segars, refectory, museum, and hotel!
Obv Freemason symbols

From Wikipedia: By 1862, the second year of the Civil War, government-issued coinage began vanishing from circulation. American citizens hoarded all coins with gold and silver, and eventually began hoarding copper-nickel cents as well. This made it extremely difficult for businesses to conduct transactions. In response, many merchants turned to private minters to fill the void left by the hoarded coins. The first of these privately minted tokens appeared in the autumn of 1862, by H. A. Ratterman, in Cincinnati, Ohio. It is estimated that by 1864, there were 25,000,000 Civil War tokens (nearly all redeemable for one cent) in circulation, consisting of approximately 7,000–8,000 varietieThe The Lindenmueller token is one of the best-known and commonly struck store cards known. Theyy are named for New York barkeep Gustavus Lindenmueller. In 1863, Lindenmueller had more than one million of his one-cent tokens struck and placed into circulation. One of the common uses for the token was for streetcar fare. The Third Avenue Railroad company of New York, which had willingly accepted a large quantity of the Lindenmueller tokens in lieu of actual currency, asked Lindenmueller to redeem them. He refused, and the railroad had no legal recourse. Incidents such as these eventually forced the government to intervene.

        Store Card Reverse Die photos.
                 Text_Cross_Reference.
                 Graphical Cross Reference.

Sutler Tokens.   According to wikipedia:
The sutlers often followed the armies of the American Revolution and the American Civil War to try and sell their merchandise to the soldiers. Generally, the sutlers built their stores within the limits of an army post or just off the defense line, and first needed to receive a license from the Commander prior to construction; they were, by extension, also subject to his regulations.

Sutlers, frequently the only local supplier of non-military goods, often developed monopolies on simple commodities like tobacco, coffee, or sugar and rose to powerful statures. Since government-issued coinage was scarce during the Civil War, sutlers often conducted transactions using a particular type of Civil War token known as a sutler token.

 Of the three types of civil war tokens, the Sutler tokns are BY FAR the rarest. wikipedia.

From the Alan Bleviss Collection of Civil War Tokens.